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2021年09月08日:仙女大星系方向的深空影像-(The Deep Sky Toward Andromeda)
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2017年11月29日:M42:猎户座大星云-(M42: The Great Orion Nebula)
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2017年08月06日:银河与炸裂的流星-(Milky Way and Exploding Meteor)
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2024年02月11日:直指月亮的火箭烟尘影子-(Rocket Plume Shadow Points to the Moon)
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2023-06-29
2023年06月29日:来自重力宇宙的讯息-(A Message from the Gravitational Universe)
[2023年06月29日:来自重力宇宙的讯息-(A Message from the Gravitational Universe)--原图下载](https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/2306/Gwb_Nanograv_3000_annotated.jpg"onMouseOver="if (document.images)document.imagename1.src='image/2306/Gwb_Nanograv_960.jpg';"onMouseOut="if (document.images)document.imagename1.src='image/2306/Gwb_Nanograv_960_annotated.jpg';){mtitle title="来自重力宇宙的讯息"/}Illustration Credit: NANOGrav Physics Frontier Center;Text: Natalia Lewandowska (SUNY Oswego)说明: 北美奈赫兹重力波天文台(NANOGrav)用极大口径电波望远镜监测68颗脉冲星(波霎),并透过仔细测量脉冲到达时间的微小偏移,发现了重力波(GW)背景 存在的证据。这些在不同脉冲星之间出现的相关偏移,显示它们是由重力波所引起的。而这种重力波背景,则可能是由数十万甚至数百万个超大质量黑洞双星所产生的。欧洲、亚洲和澳洲的团队,今天也各自报告了他们研究的成果。先前,LIGO和Virgo侦测器已经量测到成对互绕大质量天体(诸如恒星级黑洞)合併时,所发出的较高频率重力波。这幅主题图示突显二颗互绕超大质量黑洞所产生的时空结构震动,以及它看似对数颗波霎的时脉所造成的扰动。这些重力波在时空结构上的印记,则是以扭曲的网格来呈现。{lamp/}原文:{mtitle title="A Message from the Gravitational Universe"/}Illustration Credit: NANOGrav Physics Frontier Center;Text: Natalia Lewandowska (SUNY Oswego)Explanation: Monitoring 68 pulsars with very large radio telescopes, the North American Nanohertz Observatory for Gravitational Waves (NANOGrav) has uncovered evidence for the gravitational wave (GW) background by carefully measuring slight shifts in the arrival times of pulses. These shifts are correlated between different pulsars in a way that indicates that they are caused by GWs.This GW background is likely due to hundreds of thousands or even millions of supermassive black hole binaries. Teams in Europe, Asia and Australia have also independently reported their results today.Previously, the LIGO and Virgo detectors have detected higher-frequency GWs from the merging of individual pairs of massive orbiting objects, such as stellar-mass black holes.The featured illustration highlights this spacetime-shaking result by depicting two orbiting supermassive black holes and several of the pulsars that would appear to have slight timing shifts. The imprint these GWs make on spacetime itself is illustrated by a distorted grid.
2023年06月29日
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2023-04-24
2023年04月24日:超新星遗迹 - 延髓星云-(The Medulla Nebula Supernova Remnant)
2023年04月24日:超新星遗迹 - 延髓星云-(The Medulla Nebula Supernova Remnant)--原图下载{mtitle title="超新星遗迹 - 延髓星云"/}Image Credit & Copyright: Kimberly Sibbald说明: 是什么在驱动这个不寻常的星云?大约10,000年前,仙后座方向一颗大质量恒星发生爆炸,CTB-1为它所留下来的扩张气壳。这颗恒星之所以发生爆炸,则是它核心附近用来进行核融合、产生压力保持结构稳定的元素耗尽。而所形成的超新星遗迹,因为形似延髓而有延髓星云的称号,至如今在可见光波段,仍能见到扩张碎片云冲撞周遭星际气体所发出的光。至于这团星云为何会发出X射线辉光,仍然是待解的谜团。诸多假说之一宣称,在这颗恒星爆炸同时产生的波霎,也在以快速外扩的恒星风驱动这团星云。循着这个线索,最近真的在电波波段找到一颗、看似在超新星爆炸时以每秒1000多公里高速抛出的波霎。虽然延髓星云的张角和满月相当,不过它极端昏暗,位在加拿大.艾伯塔省.七人村的望远镜,进行了极长时间的曝光才得以建构出这幅主题影像。(Medulla Nebula 延髓星云){lamp/}原文:{mtitle title="The Medulla Nebula Supernova Remnant"/}Image Credit & Copyright: Kimberly SibbaldExplanation: What powers this unusual nebula?CTB-1 is the expanding gas shell that was left when a massive star toward the constellation of Cassiopeia exploded about 10,000 years ago.The star likely detonated when it ran out of elements near its core that could create stabilizing pressure with nuclear fusion.The resulting supernova remnant, nicknamed the Medulla Nebula for its brain-like shape, still glows in visible light by the heat generated by its collision with confining interstellar gas. Why the nebula also glows in X-ray light, though, remains a mystery.One hypothesis holds that an energeticpulsar was co-created that powers the nebula with a fast outwardly moving wind.Following this lead, a pulsar has recently been found in radio waves that appears to have been expelled by the supernova explosion at over 1000 kilometers per second. Although the Medulla Nebula appears as large as a full moon, it is so faint that it took many hours of exposure with a telescope in Seven Persons, Alberta, Canada to create the featured image.
2023年04月24日
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2021-01-18
2021年01月18日:超新星遗迹─延髓星云-(The Medulla Nebula Supernova Remnant)
2021年01月18日:超新星遗迹─延髓星云-(The Medulla Nebula Supernova Remnant)--原图下载{mtitle title="超新星遗迹─延髓星云"/}Image Credit & Copyright: Russell Croman说明: 是什么在驱动这个不寻常的星云?CTB-1是大约10,000年前,仙后座方向一颗大质量恒星发生爆炸,所留下来的扩张气壳。这颗恒星之所以发生爆炸,则是它核心附近用来进行核融合、产生压力保持结构稳定的元素耗尽。所形成的超新星遗迹,因为形似延髓而有延髓星云的称号,而至如今在可见光波段,仍能见到扩张碎片云冲撞周遭星际气体所发出的光。至于这团星云为何会发出X射线辉光,仍然是待解的谜团。诸多假说之一宣称,在这颗恒星爆炸同时产生的波霎,也在以快速外扩的恒星风驱动这团星云。循着这个线索,最近真的在电波波段找到一颗、看似在超新星爆炸时以每秒超过1000公里高速抛出的波霎。虽然延髓星云的张角和满月相当,不过它极端昏暗,位在美国.新墨西哥州的2部小望远镜,进行了130小时的曝光才建构出这幅主题影像。(Medulla Nebula 延髓星云){lamp/}原文:{mtitle title="The Medulla Nebula Supernova Remnant"/}Image Credit & Copyright: Russell CromanExplanation: What powers this unusual nebula?CTB-1 is the expanding gas shell that was left when a massive star toward the constellation of Cassiopeia exploded about 10,000 years ago.The star likely detonated when it ran out of elements, near its core, that could create stabilizing pressure with nuclear fusion.The resulting supernova remnant, nicknamed the Medulla Nebula for its brain-like shape, still glows in visible light by the heat generated by its collision with confining interstellar gas. Why the nebula also glows in X-ray light, though, remains a mystery.One hypothesis holds that an energeticpulsar was co-created that powers the nebula with a fast outwardly moving wind.Following this lead, a pulsar has recently been found in radio waves that appears to have been expelled by the supernova explosion at over 1000 kilometers per second. Although the Medulla Nebula appears as large as a full moon, it is so faint that it took 130-hours of exposure with two small telescopes in New Mexico, USA, to create the featured image.
2021年01月18日
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2019-12-18
2019年12月18日:中子星J0030表面的热点图-(A Hotspot Map of Neutron Star J0030's Surface)
2019年12月18日:中子星J0030表面的热点图-(A Hotspot Map of Neutron Star J0030's Surface)--原图下载{mtitle title="中子星J0030表面的热点图"/}Image Credit: NASA, NICER, GSFC's CI Lab说明: 中子星长什么样子?在以前,这些大小和城市相当的恒星,因为太小太远而无法分辨。不过最近经由仔细模拟,快速自转如何使中子星的X射线亮度出现明暗变化,从而绘製出首批标示其热点位置和大小的表面图。在这张根据目前最先进模型建构出的波霎 J0030+0451之热点图里,中子星的其他区域以斑驳的蓝色斑块填充。距离约1,000光年的J0030,每0.0049秒自转一次。推算这幅图的基础,是放置在国际太空站上的美国航太总署.中子星内部组成探测器(NICER)的X射线望远镜之量测数据。这些热点的推算位置颇出乎意料,而其原因仍未全然了解。此外,由于中子的重力透镜效应非常强,在地球方向可见到J0300超过一半的表面。研究像J0030这类波霎的外观 ,让我们得以精确估出中子星的质量、半径、以及让它不会内爆成黑洞的内部物理机制。(Neutron star Interior Composition ExploreR ─ NICER 中子星内部组成探测器){lamp/}原文:{mtitle title="A Hotspot Map of Neutron Star J0030's Surface"/}Image Credit: NASA, NICER, GSFC's CI LabExplanation: What do neutron stars look like?Previously these city-sized stars were too small and too far away to resolve.Recently, however, the first maps of the locations and sizes of hotspots on a neutron star's surface have been made by carefully modeling how the rapid spin makes the star's X-ray brightness rise and fall. Based on a leading model, an illustrative map of pulsar J0030+0451's hotspots is pictured, with the rest of the star's surface filled in with a false patchy blue. J0030 spins once every 0.0049 seconds and is located about 1000 light years away.The map was computed from data taken by NASA's Neutron star Interior Composition ExploreR (NICER) X-ray telescope attached to the International Space Station. The computed locations of these hotspots is surprising and not well understood.Because the gravitational lensing effect of neutron stars is so strong, J0300 displays more than half of its surface toward the Earth. Studying the appearance of pulsars like J0030 allows accurate estimates of the neutron star's mass, radius, and the internal physics that keeps the star from imploding into a black hole.
2019年12月18日
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2019-08-13
2019年08月13日:超新星加农砲抛出波霎J0002-(Supernova Cannon Expels Pulsar J0002)
2019年08月13日:超新星加农砲抛出波霎J0002-(Supernova Cannon Expels Pulsar J0002)--原图下载{mtitle title="超新星加农砲抛出波霎J0002"/}Image Credit: F. Schinzel et al. (NRAO, NSF), Canadian Galactic Plane Survey (DRAO),NASA (IRAS); Composition: Jayanne English (U. Manitoba)说明: 什么能把中子星当砲弹抛射?超新星。大约在10,000年前,造成星云遗迹CTB 1的超新星,不但摧毁了一颗大质量恒星,更把它的刚形成的中子星(波霎)抛进银河系。这颗每秒8.7转的波霎,是用可自行下载的软体Einstein@Home,搜寻地球轨道上的费米伽玛射线天文台拍摄之数据时发现的。秒速超过1,000公里的波霎PSR J0002+6216 (简称J0002),已离开超新星遗迹CTB 1,而其行速也高到会让它离开我们的银河系。影像中,这颗波霎的光痕向左下角的超新星遗迹伸展。这幅主题影像,组合了极大阵列和DRAO电波天文台的无线电数据,以及美国航太总署的IRAS 红外光天文卫星的资料库数据。超新星有时会像加农砲,而波霎有时像砲弹,这都是广为周知的事实,但超新星到底是如何完成这项壮举,至今仍然不明。{lamp/}原文:{mtitle title="Supernova Cannon Expels Pulsar J0002"/}Image Credit: F. Schinzel et al. (NRAO, NSF), Canadian Galactic Plane Survey (DRAO),NASA (IRAS); Composition: Jayanne English (U. Manitoba)Explanation: What could shoot out a neutron star like a cannon ball?A supernova. About 10,000 years ago, the supernova that created the nebular remnant CTB 1 not only destroyed a massive star but blasted its newly formed neutron star core -- a pulsar -- out into the Milky Way Galaxy. The pulsar, spinning 8.7 times a second, was discovered using downloadable software Einstein@Home searching through data taken by NASA's orbiting Fermi Gamma-Ray Observatory. Traveling over 1,000 kilometers per second, the pulsar PSR J0002+6216 (J0002 for short) has already left the supernova remnant CTB 1, and is even fast enough to leave our Galaxy.Pictured, the trail of the pulsar is visible extending to the lower left of the supernova remnant. The featured image is a combination of radio images from the VLA and DRAO radio observatories, as well as data archived from NASA's orbiting IRAS infrared observatory.It is well known that supernovas can act as cannons, and even that pulsars can act as cannonballs -- what is not known is how supernovas do it.
2019年08月13日
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2011-05-23
2011年05月23日:蟹状星云的异常闪焰-(An Unexpected Flare from the Crab Nebula)
2011年05月23日:蟹状星云的异常闪焰-(An Unexpected Flare from the Crab Nebula)--原图下载{mtitle title="蟹状星云的异常闪焰"/}Credit: NASA,DOE,FermiLAT, R. Buehler (SLAC,KIPAC)说明: 蟹状星云怎么突然暴亮?目前未明,几年前发现他在高能的伽玛射线波段显着。不过,最近一个月,费米太空望远镜使用伽玛射线观测蟹状星云时,发现异常亮点,比原先亮度增加五倍之多,并且在数日后暗淡下来。通常,愈快速变化的位置代表着愈小範围的区域。这可能是代表着在蟹状星云中心处的中子星正以每秒30次的速率转动。具体来说,在中央磁场改变的位置上,想必是围绕着高能波霎。这个磁场的快速变化,加速垫子移动而发出闪焰,就像太阳闪焰一样。这张影像清楚地说明蟹状星云的Geminga波霎在伽玛射线的平常模样以及最近突然增亮的模样。{lamp/}原文:{mtitle title="An Unexpected Flare from the Crab Nebula"/}Credit: NASA,DOE,FermiLAT, R. Buehler (SLAC,KIPAC)Explanation: Why does the Crab Nebula flare?No one is sure.The unusual behavior,discoveredover the past few years, seems only tooccur invery high energy light --gamma rays.As recently as one month ago, gamma-ray observations of theCrab Nebula by theFermi Gamma Ray Space Telescope showed anunexpected increase in gamma-ray brightness, becoming about five times the nebula's usual gamma-ray brightness, andfading again in only a few days.Now usually the faster the variability, the smaller the region involved.This might indicate that the powerful pulsar at thecenter of the Crab,a compact neutron star rotating 30 times a second, is somehow involved.Specifically,speculation is centered on the changingmagnetic fieldthat surely surrounds the powerfulpulsar. Rapid changes in this field might lead to waves of rapidly accelerated electrons which emitthe flares,possibly inways similar to ourSun.The above image shows how the Crab Nebula normallyappears in gamma rays, as compared to theGeminga pulsar, and how it then appeared during the recent brightening.
2011年05月23日
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